Biodiversity refers to the variety of species and the habitats on which they depend. More intensive, monocultural agriculture has been associated with a decline in diversity of habitat and plant species which leads to corresponding declines in diversity of insect, bird and mammal species. There is mounting evidence that a more biodiverse landscape improves ecosystem services which benefits farmers. This collection summarises the wealth of research on ways of improving biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, with a focus on temperate agriculture.The first part of this volume assesses general issues such as ways reconciling agricultural production and biodiversity in grassland management. It also reviews landscape approaches to biodiversity conservation, mapping and modelling biodiversity as well as assessing the economic value of biodiversity conservation practices. Part 2 reviews management practices promoting biodiversity such as field margins, hedgerows, the role of agroecological practices such as Conservation Agriculture, as well as improved pasture management and agroforestry.