This book looks at the Brazilian international cooperation in health with Mozambique under the South-South Cooperation (SSC) context. It explores the particularities, processes, and interests embedded in the cooperation between these two countries under the lenses of the field of Global Health Diplomacy (GHD). It seeks to understand the profile of each country as a global health actor. While also looking at the main security, economic and trade, and human rights interests of these countries. It particularly focuses on their cooperation in the HIV/AIDS front. In that sense, this research counts with an in-depth analysis of the implementation of an ARV factory in Mozambique, Sociedade Mocambicana de Medicamentos (SMM). This research is insightful for those interested in understanding the main aspects that influence decision-making in global health from a Global South perspective, looking at HIV/AIDS and the establishment of the SSM in Mozambique, as a result of the SSC in health with Brazil. Furthermore, it provides a useful framework for researchers interested in understanding how health and foreign policy are related to each other in different contexts and power relations.