This book reveals the environmental, economic, and social drivers of climate-induced migration, the health impacts of extreme weather events, and the complex interplay between malnutrition, disease diffusion, and mortality in vulnerable populations. By collating cutting-edge research and case studies from leading experts, this edited book offers an in-depth exploration and holistic view of the interconnectedness of climate change and a shift of global population dynamics. By integrating perspectives from climate science, public health, sociology, and migration studies, the book delivers a holistic understanding of the ways in which climatic extremes such as heatwaves, floods, droughts, rise of temperature, sea level rise, and coastline change are reshaping human lives and communities, migration patterns, human displacement, exacerbating health vulnerabilities, affecting morbidity and mortality rates, and challenging public health systems globally. Section I delves into the nexus of climate change and population dynamics, providing ahistorical and contemporary overview of how climatic extremes impact human populations. Section II focuses on migration patterns, featuring case studies and analyses of the environmental, economic, and social drivers behind climate-induced displacement. Section III addresses the critical health impacts of climatic extremes, including the spread of diseases, mental health implications, and the strain on healthcare systems. Section IV presents a statistical and case study analysis of mortality rates in the context of extreme weather events, droughts, and food security crises. Finally, Section V explores policy implications and future directions, offering predictive models and innovative policies aimed at mitigating health impacts and achieving climate resilience in line with sustainable development goals. By providing evidence-based research and policy recommendations, this book aims to inform strategies that enhance resilience and adaptive capacity in vulnerable communities. This book is an invaluable resource for academics, policymakers, and practitioners dedicated to building a more resilient and equitable world.