Reseña del libro "The History of the Crusades (en Inglés)"
In September 2001, an American president used one word in an unscripted remark and watched his staff walk it back within hours. "Crusade" still detonates, nine centuries after the wars it names ended. This book tells that story from the beginning: two centuries, three continents, and a cast of popes, sultans, and pilgrims stranger than the slogan allows. No side is the hero. No side is the villain. Inside, you'll find: A migration, not an army. Some thirty to a hundred thousand people set out for Jerusalem in 1096 — most not soldiers. By 1099 the fighting force at the city's walls numbered perhaps twelve or thirteen thousand. A caliphate ended by a sermon. In 1171, after two hundred and two years ruling Egypt, the Fatimid caliphate fell to a change of wording in Friday prayers, and almost nobody objected. A contract that built the wrong crusade. Venice agreed to ship 33,500 men to Egypt in 1201. About a third showed up. The shortfall sent the Fourth Crusade to sack Constantinople instead. One afternoon, three orders gutted. At La Forbie in 1244 the Templars, Hospitallers, and Teutonic Knights rode out in force. Thirty-three Templars came back. Twenty-six Hospitallers. Three Teutonic Knights. A reward that outlived the war. The penance Urban II offered crusaders in 1095 became, over two centuries, something salable — ancestor of the indulgences Martin Luther attacked in 1517. No background in medieval history, Islam, or Byzantium is assumed; every term is explained as it appears. By 1291 the last Christian fortress on the Syrian coast was abandoned, not stormed — a war that had simply run out of reasons to continue.